Hosting the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is a landmark achievement for Azerbaijan. This event stands as a pivotal milestone in Azerbaijan’s foreign policy, underscoring its active participation and leadership in global governance. Alongside its leadership roles in the Non-Aligned Movement and membership in the UN Security Council, hosting COP29 reflects Azerbaijan’s strategic diplomatic engagements and its commitment to addressing global challenges.
Azerbaijan’s Role in Global Energy and Climate Action
Azerbaijan has established itself as a reliable energy partner and a proactive player in the global fight against climate change. Despite being rich in oil and gas reserves, Azerbaijan has demonstrated a strong commitment to transitioning towards a sustainable energy future. The country’s strategy includes significant investments in renewable energy and a robust plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Key Initiatives and Goals:
- Renewable Energy Projects: By the end of 2027, Azerbaijan plans to commission 9 solar and wind power plants generating up to 2 gigawatts of energy. By 2030, an additional 10 plants with a capacity of up to 5 gigawatts will be operational.
- Emissions Reduction Targets: Following the Paris Agreement, Azerbaijan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 35% by 2030 and 40% by 2050.
- Green Energy Partnerships: Initiatives with Saudi Arabia’s ACWA Power and the UAE’s Masdar have expanded, involving numerous international companies and resulting in a cumulative capacity exceeding 28 gigawatts.
Pre-COP29 High-Level Meeting
The “Pathway to COP29: Sustainable and Resilient Future” meeting held in Baku from June 19-21, 2024, served as a preparatory platform for COP29. President Ilham Aliyev’s address emphasized Azerbaijan’s readiness and commitment to fostering global collaboration in combating climate change. The meeting highlighted several key themes:
- Global Nature of Climate Crisis: President Aliyev stressed the pervasive impact of climate change on sustainable development and daily lives.
- International Cooperation: Azerbaijan’s collaborative projects with countries such as Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, China, and European nations underscore its active engagement in global climate initiatives.
- Green Energy Corridors: The “Azerbaijan-Turkey-Europe” and “Caspian-Black Sea-Europe Green Energy Corridor” projects aim to export renewable energy from Azerbaijan to Europe.
Strategic Partnerships and Agreements
Azerbaijan’s commitment to green energy is further reflected in its strategic partnerships and agreements:
- Baku Energy Week: Agreements were signed between the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) and Masdar for three renewable energy ventures.
- MOUs with EU Entities: Memoranda of Understanding were signed with WindEurope and Nobel Energy, aligning Azerbaijan’s energy strategy with the EU’s green energy integration goals.
Themes and Discussions at the High-Level Meeting
The meeting included various panel sessions addressing crucial aspects of climate change:
- Climate Challenge Overview: Discussions on the impact of climate change on water, biodiversity, and food security.
- Role of Science and Innovation: Emphasis on leveraging advancements in technology and innovation to combat climate change.
- Financing Climate Responses: Highlighting the need for investments in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.
President Aliyev’s Call for Global Action
President Aliyev’s address at the meeting called for urgent international mobilization to limit global warming to 1.5°C and stressed the need for new financial targets beyond 2025 at COP29. He highlighted Azerbaijan’s commitment to addressing the unique challenges faced by small island states and emphasized the importance of inclusive and transparent negotiations at COP29.
So, Azerbaijan’s hosting of COP29 marks a significant achievement in its foreign policy and its role in global climate governance. The event not only underscores Azerbaijan’s commitment to sustainable energy and climate action but also enhances its credibility and leadership on the international stage. Successful outcomes from COP29 could catalyze global interest in sustainable solutions, contributing to a healthier and more sustainable world for future generations. The trust placed in Azerbaijan to host COP29 reflects the international community’s confidence in its capability to drive impactful climate action.
Mr. Muhammad Ali Pasha is an analyst and expert on Central Asia, South East Asia, China, Türkiye and Middle East having experience in the field of article writing in various renowned journals and newspapers across the globe. Furthermore, he is a writer and poet.
